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The Berlin Wall was a barrier separating West Berlin from East Berlin and the rest of East Germany.
As an iconic symbol of the Cold War, the wall divided East and West Berlin for 28 years, from the day construction began on August 13, 1961 until it was dismantled in 1989. During this period 125 people were killed trying to escape across the Wall to West Berlin, according to official figures. However, a prominent victims' group claims that more than 200 people had been killed trying to flee the East to West Berlin. Newly discovered documents confirm that the Communist regime gave explicit orders to shoot and kill attempted defectors, including children. The East German government had always denied having such a policy.
The fall of the Berlin wall paved the way for German reunification, which was formally concluded on October 3, 1990. Source